Going concern— The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company incurred a net loss of $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and had a working capital deficit of $54.6 million as of March 31, 2024. Management expects that the Company’s current liabilities, operating losses and expected capital needs, including debt service on its existing indebtedness and the expected costs relating to the commercialization of Endari® in the MENA region and elsewhere will exceed its existing cash balances and cash expected to be generated from operations for the foreseeable future. To meet the Company’s current liabilities and future obligations, the Company will need to restructure or refinance its existing indebtedness and raise additional funds through related-party loans, third-party loans, equity or debt financings or licensing or other strategic agreements. Except as described below under "Factoring accounts receivable," the Company has no understanding or arrangement for any additional financing, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to restructure or refinancing its existing indebtedness or obtain additional related-party or third-party loans or complete any additional equity or debt financings on favorable terms, or at all, or enter into licensing or other strategic arrangements. Due to the uncertainty of the Company’s ability to meet its current liabilities and operating expenses, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months from the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Factoring accounts receivable — Emmaus Medical, Inc., or Emmaus Medical, the Company's indirect wholly owned subsidiary, has entered into a purchase and sales agreement with Prestige Capital Finance, LLC or Prestige Capital, pursuant to which Emmaus Medical may offer and sell to Prestige Capital from time to time eligible accounts receivable in exchange for Prestige Capital’s down payment, or advance, to Emmaus Medical of 65% to 80% of the face amount of the eligible accounts receivable, subject to a $7.5 million cap on advances at any time. The balance of the face amount of the accounts receivable is reserved by Prestige Capital and paid to Emmaus Medical, less discount fees of Prestige Capital ranging from 2.25% to 7.25% of the face amount, as and when Prestige Capital collects the entire face amount of the accounts receivable. Emmaus Medical’s obligations to Prestige Capital under the purchase and sale agreement are secured by a security interest in the accounts receivable and all or substantially all other assets of Emmaus Medical. In connection with the purchase and sale agreement, Emmaus has guaranteed Emmaus Medical’s obligations under the purchase and sale agreement. Accounts receivable included approximately $40,000 and $1,514,000 of factored accounts receivable and other current liabilities included approximately $1,000 and $24,000 of liabilities from factoring at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred approximately $87,000 and $108,000, respectively, of factoring fees.