Going concern— The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company incurred a net loss of $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and had a working capital deficit of $51.7 million as of September 30, 2023. Management expects that the Company’s current liabilities, operating losses and expected capital needs, including the expected costs relating to the commercialization of Endari® in the Middle East North Africa ("MENA") region and elsewhere will exceed its existing cash balances and cash expected to be generated from operations for the foreseeable future. To meet the Company’s current liabilities and future obligations, the Company will need to restructure or refinance its existing indebtedness and raise additional funds through related-party loans, third-party loans, equity or debt financings or licensing or other strategic agreements. Except as described below under "Factoring accounts receivable," the Company has no understanding or arrangement for any additional financing, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to restructure or refinancing its existing indebtedness or obtain additional related-party or third-party loans or complete any additional equity or debt financings on favorable terms, or at all, or enter into licensing or other strategic arrangements. Due to the uncertainty of the Company’s ability to meet its current liabilities and operating expenses, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months from the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Factoring accounts receivable — Emmaus Medical, Inc., or Emmaus Medical, the Company's indirect wholly owned subsidiary, has entered into a purchase and sales agreement with Prestige Capital Finance, LLC or Prestige Capital, pursuant to which Emmaus Medical may offer and sell to Prestige Capital from time to time eligible accounts receivable in exchange for Prestige Capital’s down payment, or advance, to Emmaus Medical of 70% to 75% of the face amount of the accounts receivable, subject to a $7.5 million cap on advances at any time. The balance of the face amount of the accounts receivables is reserved by Prestige Capital and paid to Emmaus Medical, less discount fees of Prestige Capital ranging from 2.25% to 7.25% of the face amount, as and when Prestige Capital collects the entire face amount of the accounts receivable. Emmaus Medical’s obligations to Prestige Capital under the purchase and sale agreement are secured by a security interest in the accounts receivable and all or substantially all other assets of Emmaus Medical. In connection with the purchase and sale agreement, Emmaus has guaranteed Emmaus Medical’s obligations under

the purchase and sale agreement. Accounts receivable included approximately $366,000 and $730,000 of factoring accounts receivable and other current liabilities included approximately $8,000 and $55,000 of liabilities from factoring at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred approximately $100,000 and $121,000, respectively, of factoring fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred approximately $440,000 and $275,000, respectively of factoring fees.

Net income (loss) per share — In accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 260, “Earnings per Share,” the basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed in a similar manner, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. As of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding potentially dilutive securities exercisable for or convertible into 108,292,553 shares and 52,635,590 shares, respectively, of common stock. No potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share, since the effect would have been anti-dilutive for the each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement - Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instrument - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit losses model, applies to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized costs, as well as certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flow based on the current information.